Informed consent: An ethical obligation or legal coercion: This scientific article examines informed consent and examines the issue directly with minors. Consent is required to photograph a patient for scientific, educational, research or follow-up purposes. Express consent must be obtained if the patient`s identity is likely to be disclosed upon publication. [7] The patient should be given the opportunity to ask questions and clarify any doubts. There must be no coercion. Consent must be voluntary and the patient must have the freedom to withdraw consent. Consents given for fear of injury/intimidation, misconceptions or misrepresentation may be declared invalid. The presumption that every adult patient is competent applies unless the contrary can be clearly demonstrated.3, 10 Patients who are unable to cope due to acute illness (i.e. loss of consciousness after an accident or patients on mechanical ventilation) or chronic illness (e.g.
dementia) cannot decide for themselves their treatment. In such situations, it is the physician`s duty to act in the “best interests of the patient.” Opinions about the patient`s preferences may come from third parties (for example, relatives). However, this third party cannot consent to or object to the processing.3 If a patient has clearly issued an advance directive in the exercise of his or her legal duties, the attending physician is obliged to comply with it (see living will). The purpose of this article is to reflect on the role that each of us can play in clarifying certain issues related to informed consent. These perspectives are based on my experience as a registered nurse in a career that spanned more than three decades in private hospitals, a private surgical association, and an academic health system. If a consent form indicates that the patient has agreed to undergo laser coating by Dr. X, the procedure cannot be performed by Dr. Y, even if Dr. Y is Dr.
X`s assistant, unless specifically stated in the consent that the procedure can be performed by Dr. X or Dr. Y (or their authorized assistants). Practical aspects of consent: understanding and storing the information provided 1. Habiba MA (2000) Untersuchung der Einwilligung innerhalb der Patienten-Arzt-Beziehung. Zeitschrift für medizinische Ethik 26: 183-872. The Oxford Dictionary of new English, Oxford. Oxford University Press, 19983. GMC (1998) Seeking patients` consent: The ethical considerations, General Medical Council, London4. King J (1986) Informed Consent: A Review of the Empirical Evidence. Bulletin of the Institute of Medical Ethics supp 3: 1-175.
Kour NW, Rauff A (1992) Informed consent – historical perspective and a clinician`s perspective. Singapore Medical Journal 33:44-466. Nelson-Marten P, Rich RA (1999) A historical perspective of informed consent in clinical practice and research. Onkologische Krankenpflege 15:81-87. Dalla-Vorgia P, Lascaratos J, Skiadas P et al. (2001) Is consent in medicine a concept only of modern times? Zeitschrift für medizinische Ethik 27: 59-618. Gillon R. Medizinische Ethik: Vier Prinzipien plus Aufmerksamkeit für den Umfang. BMJ 1994; 309:184-8
9. MRA Guidelines (2007): www.mhra.gov.uk; Retrieved 200810-06-01. Re C (refusal of treatment in adults) [1994] 1WLR 29011.
Samata A, Samata B (2006) Advance Directives, Best Interest and Clinical Judgment: Quicksand at the End of Life. Clinical Medicine 6: 274-7812. Re MB (one adult: medical treatment) [1997] 2 FLR 42613. On B (consent to treatment: capacity) [2002] EWCH 42914. Mental Performance Act, 2005. The Inpatient Office, 200515. Mental Health Act 1983. Public Health (Disease Control) Act 198316 1984 on the Office of Inpatients, 1984. The hospital office, 198417. Crook A (2007) TB patient under guard.
Manchester Evening News 10.09.200718. GMC (2004) Confidentiality: Protection and Provision of Information, General Medical Council, London19. Mental Performance Act, 2005. The fixed office, 200520. Lecouturier J, Rodgers H, Ford GA, et al. (2008) Clinical research without consent in adults in emergency settings: a review of patient and public views. BMC Medical Ethics 9:921. GMC (2008) Withholding and Withdrawal of Life-Prolonging Treatments: Good Practice in Decision Making, General Medical Council, Londres22. Re (Burke) v General Medical Council (défendeur) and Disability Rights Commission (partie intéressée) et Official Solicitor [2004] EWHC 187923. Human Rights Act (1998). The Stationary Office, 199824.
Airedale NHS Trust v Bland [1993] A.C. 78925. Graber MA, Tansey JF (2005) Autonomie, consentement et limitation des coûts des soins de santé. Journal of Medical Ethics 31: 424-42626. Howard JM, DeMets D (1981) How informed is informed consent: the BHAT experience. Essais cliniques contrôlés 2: 287-30327. Fortun P, West J, Chalkley L, Shonde A, Hawkey C (2008) Recall of informed consent information by healthy volunteers in clinical trials.
